To overcome these limitations and gain a more holistic understanding of the elements, we can "pivot" the system in several ...

Ever stop to contemplate the size of an atom or ion? Martin Rahm, Roald Hoffmann, and Neil W. Ashcroft have. For consistency’s sake, these Cornell University scientists have just completed a ...

Before ranking elements by their ionization energy, it's important to understand the factors that govern this property: Nuclear Charge: A higher nuclear charge (more protons in the nucleus) results in ...

Nick Norman does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their ...

The attraction between the outer (or valence) electrons and the nucleus increases as the atomic radius decreases in a period. Electronegativity also increases. On the same account electronegativity ...