The concept of balance-of-payments-constrained economic growth has long served as a vital framework for understanding how external imbalances can limit long-run economic expansion. This approach ...

Discover what basic balance means in economics, its role in balance of payments, and how it helps evaluate a country's inflow and outflow trends effectively.

Routing is one of the unsung heroes of the payment processing industry. The way you route transactions has a direct impact on approval rates, conversion, and ultimately your bottom line. Let's explore ...

This course aims to provide a deep understanding of the concepts, data sources and compilation techniques for BOP and IIP statistics. It focusses on their application in addressing complex ...

Nigeria’s external sector is experiencing a notable turnaround, underpinned by a series of strategic reforms in the financial ...

The ongoing reforms in the financial sector have contributed to the growth of the Balance of Payments (BOP) surplus and ongoing surge in diaspora remittances and inflows into external reserves. The $4 ...

The IMF’s surveillance cycle for China is wrapping up, and at least judging from the press release, China’s balance of payments was not a focus of the conversation. That is unfortunate. I, of course, ...

The ongoing reforms in Nigeria’s financial sector have contributed to a notable Balance of Payments (BOP) surplus, sustained ...

Blog posts represent the views of CFR fellows and staff and not those of CFR, which takes no institutional positions. China’s GDP statistics are widely thought to be, well, works of performance art.