Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised chiefly by the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and the accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein into Lewy bodies.

Diabetes has traditionally been viewed as a disorder of the endocrine pancreas, characterized by impaired insulin action and dysregulated glucose ...

Pathophysiology is the term used to describe changes at cellular level caused by disease or injury. Healthcare professionals need an understanding of cellular biology as well as anatomy and physiology ...