Every living cell transcribes DNA into RNA. This process begins when an enzyme called RNA polymerase (RNAP) clamps onto DNA. Within a few hundred milliseconds, the DNA double helix unwinds to form a ...

This image illustrates the process of gene transcription within a cell. The DNA double helix unwinds to expose a specific sequence, allowing RNA polymerase to synthesize a complementary pre-mRNA ...

RNA molecules perform essential cellular functions including gene regulation, protein synthesis, and genome defense. These diverse biochemical activities frequently depend on RNA secondary and ...

Building on its success against COVID-19, mRNA technology holds promise for novel vaccines and treatments targeting various diseases. However, a critical challenge remains: current in vitro ...