Chest tube drainage is the first step in the management of complicated pleural effusions that have turned into empyema. In cases where adequate drainage cannot be provided or deloculation is required, ...

Pleural effusions complicate up to 57% of bacterial pneumonias. They vary in severity, ranging from uncomplicated effusions to empyema. Some require only antibiotics and observation, while others ...

Pleural empyema is the condition of the pleural cavity when initially sterile pleural effusion has become infected. In the majority of cases, it is of parapneumonic origin. Parapneumonic effusions and ...

Empyema often co-occurs with pneumonia and refers to the presence of pus in the pleural space. There is a range of therapeutic options available for the management of empyema, the primary aim being to ...