See modulation and carrier. Vary the Amplitude In AM modulation, the voltage (amplitude) of the carrier is varied by the incoming signal. In this example, the modulating wave implies an analog signal.

Our 4-bit example results in a 16-QAM signal “constellation” of 16 symbols (16 = 24), forming a 16-point grid when viewed on a modulation analyzer. Typical digital transmission systems use a 16-QAM, ...

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If we replace the potentiometer VR1 with an AC signal plus DC bias signal in any of the previous Figures 3 to 17, the voltage controlled attenuators can become an amplitude modulator circuit instead.