The modern economic role of women emerged in four phases. The first three were evolutionary; the last was revolutionary. Phase I occurred from the late nineteenth century to the 1920s; Phase II was ...

We provide the first causal, national empirical analysis of the labor market impacts of heightened immigration enforcement during the second Trump administration. Enforcement increased everywhere, but ...

Following a call for nominations in January, the NBER has appointed 65 new affiliates: 16 Research Associates and 49 Faculty Research Fellows. In addition, two Faculty Research Fellows have been ...

This chapter examines how schools cultivate socio-emotional skills that influence both individual success and broader social cohesion. Moving beyond the traditional focus on cognitive ability, I argue ...

Yet little rigorous evidence exists on whether behavior management can serve as a lever for academic improvement. We evaluate a program that shifts responsibility for establishing behavioral norms and ...

AlphaFold can predict these structures without running experiments. In July 2021, researchers gained access to hundreds of thousands of these AI-predicted structures virtually overnight. Yet, to date, ...

Can active choice mitigate the effects of preset defaults? We study this question using a difference-in-differences design around the rollout of the EU’s Digital Markets Act, which required iOS and ...

This bias is strong enough that regularization of prompt instructions cannot fully address this form of overfitting. We further show that the bias can arise from users’ unintentional conversational ...

The share of the global population living in extreme poverty fell dramatically from an estimated 36% in 1990 to 9% in 2015. We describe how this decline happened: the extent to which changes within as ...

We study the global footprint and real effects of Chinese overseas corporate ownership. By assembling a comprehensive micro-level dataset of 161,773 firms across 159 countries (2012–2021), we ...

We also show that regulations are more business friendly in richer than in poorer countries, and that holding initial regulatory levels constant, richer countries also reform more. We present a model ...

In 2018, the Virginia Department of Health implemented the Contraceptive Access Initiative (CAI) to increase access to long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs). We use encounter-level data on ...