Clostridium difficile infection (CDI ... with positive samples then confirmed using a toxin(s) test, to distinguish toxinogenic from nontoxinogenic CDI. Although metronidazole and vancomycin ...

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling protects the intestinal mucosa from injury induced by Clostridium difficile toxins, according to the results of a study published in Gastroenterology.

Purpose: Current and future treatment modalities for Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) are reviewed. Conclusion: CDAD is a major concern for health care systems and clinicians.

Li S, Shi L, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Perez-Cordon G, Huang T, Ramsey J, Oezguen N, Savidge TC, Feng H. Critical roles of Clostridium difficile toxin B enzymatic activities in pathogenesis. Infect Immun. 2015 ...