Similar to Shiga toxin (Stx), CT and LTs consist of an A-subunit (28 kDa), and five B-subunits (11 kDa each) assembled in a pentamer (AB5 structure). The A-subunit is proteolytically activated by a V.

On the one hand, an intact intestinal barrier protects the human organism against invasion of microorganisms and toxins, on the other hand, this barrier must be open to absorb essential fluids and ...

Widespread ocean pollution threatens the health of more than 3 billion people, international study led by Boston College researchers shows Ocean pollution is widespread and getting worse, and when ...

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of saliva, human colostrum, and 3'-sialyllactose on the initial adhesion and biofilm formation of Candida albicans in vitro. Results: ...

These can cause: paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) diarretic shellfish poisoning (DSP) caused by lipophilic toxins The process of monitoring marine biotoxins ...