Whenever we think about the history of the Somnath temple, the name of Mahmud Ghazni immediately comes to mind. For years, we have been told that his invasion of Somnath was a complete defeat for the ...

Kautilya’s Saptanga Theory of State is based on the idea that a state functions as an organic entity composed of seven essential elements. The term Saptang means “seven limbs” or “constituents,” which ...

Kautilya’s foreign policy is deeply rooted in his Saptanga theory, which identifies the seven essential organs of a state. Among these, Durga (fort), Kosha (treasury), and Mitra (ally) play a crucial ...

A deep understanding of Kautilya’s Arthashastra is essential for studying ancient Indian political thought. Among the most detailed and systematic works in political science from the Vedic ...

At midnight on August 15, 1947, India gained independence from British rule and was divided into two nations—India, with a Hindu majority, and Pakistan, with a Muslim majority. The partition was based ...