Influenza virus infection is initiated by binding of HA protein on the viral envelope to epithelial cell surface-exposed sialic acid receptors in enteric tract and respiratory tract of the host (Figure 1). Sialic acid is a nine-carbon monosaccharide.

Dec 30, 2017 · Sialic acids (SAs) of cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids are the receptors for the influenza virus, recognized by the viral glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA; Figure 1).

Jul 13, 2022 · Pandemic influenza A viruses (IAV) that crossed the avian-human species barrier switched from binding avian-type α2-3-linked sialic acid (2-3Sia) to human-type 2-6Sia receptors. Here, we...

In general, avian viral hemagglutinin prefers to bind to α2,3-linked sialic acid, whereas the human viral hemagglutinin prefers to bind to α2,6-linked sialic acid. Here, we demonstrate that host fibronectin protein plays an important role in the life cycle of some influenza A viruses.

Influenza virus binds to cell receptors via sialic acid (SA) linked glycoproteins. They recognize SA on host cells through their haemagglutinins (H). The distribution of SA on cell surfaces is one determinant of host tropism and understanding its ...

Jun 1, 2023 · Influenza A viruses (IAVs) originating from animal reservoirs pose continuous threats to human health as demonstrated by the Spanish flu pandemic. Infection starts by attachment to host receptors, a crucial step that is targeted by immunological, prophylactic, and therapeutic intervention.

Sep 28, 2022 · The development of methods to detect the binding of influenza virus HA proteins to sialic acid receptors, as well as the development of glycobiological techniques, has led to a richer understanding of the structure of the sialylated glycan in influenza virus hosts.

Jun 1, 2021 · Recent work identifies influenza virus attachment determinants beyond sialic acid. NA contributes to influenza virus binding to and rolling on host cells. Novel structures reveal intermediates of pre-fusion and post-fusion conformation of HA. Structure of full length matrix protein M1 identifies pH switch for uncoating.

Jul 13, 2022 · Pandemic influenza A viruses (IAV) that crossed the avian-human species barrier switched from binding avian-type α2-3-linked sialic acid (2-3Sia) to human-type 2-6Sia receptors. Here, we show that this specificity switch is however less dichotomous as generally assumed.

Jul 8, 2020 · Influenza A virus (IAV) binds its host cell using the major viral surface protein hemagglutinin (HA). HA recognizes sialic acid, a plasma membrane glycan that functions as the specific primary attachment factor (AF).